Urine tests can provide valuable information about the functioning of various organs and systems within the body, such as the kidneys, liver, and urinary tract.
Urine tests can be used to detect a range of medical conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, and bladder cancer.

1. Visual examination: The color, clarity, and odor of the urine are examined to detect any abnormalities.

2. Specific gravity: This test measures the concentration of the urine, which can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning.

3. pH level: This test measures the acidity or alkalinity of the urine.

4. Protein: This test measures the amount of protein present in the urine, which can indicate kidney damage or other medical conditions.

5. Glucose: This test measures the amount of sugar present in the urine, which can indicate diabetes or other medical conditions.

6. Ketones: This test measures the presence of ketones, which are produced when the body burns fat for energy.

7. Bilirubin: This test measures the amount of bilirubin present in the urine, which can indicate liver disease.

8. Blood: This test measures the presence of red or white blood cells in the urine, which can indicate infection, inflammation, or other medical conditions.

9. Nitrites: This test measures the presence of bacteria in the urine, which can indicate a urinary tract infection.

10. Urobilinogen: This test measures the amount of urobilinogen present in the urine, which can indicate liver disease or other medical conditions.